Veteran singer Feng Fei Fei in better times.
February gets depressing as yet another diva passes on. Mandarin-pop legend Fong Fei-Fei’s demise from lung cancer was a shock to many, as she had always appeared in top form at her concerts and was not known to smoke or indulge in any vices and unhealthy lifestyles that could lead to lung cancer.

"Why did I contract cancer?" is something that many cancer patients often wonder about themselves too. To many of them, cancer comes as a shock as they had led healthy lifestyles, ate a balanced diet and exercised regularly. What other factors might have caused cancer in a seemingly healthy person?

Passive Smoking

We all know how harmful the substances of a cigarette are and what a major risk factor it is for causing cancer. Inhaling them second hand doesn’t make them harmless. Steer clear of smoking areas in public. If you live with a smoker, request that the smoker not smoke indoors, or even better, have him/her quit.

Air Pollution

Studies have shown that people exposed to large amount of diesel exhaust fumes at work for many years can have a higher risk of contracting lung cancer by up to 47%. In cities with high amounts of outdoor air pollution, the threat of illness is very real. While you may not have much control over outdoor air pollution, you can reduce the probability of illness by ensuring that your indoor environment is clean, and do not engage in outdoor activity for prolonged durations.

Smoke from cooking

Regular inhalation of smoke from cooking can increase risk of lung cancer, even more so if you use charcoal. Cook in an airy kitchen, and open the windows so that the smoke can disseminate.

Genetics / Family history in lung cancer

As mentioned in my previous post, cancer is hereditary. If you have a family member who’s had lung cancer, especially a first-degree relative (parents, siblings, offspring), do go for regular check-ups. Early detection can save your life.

Previous lung affliction

Having a disease that has caused the formation of scar tissue in the lungs, such as Tuberculosis, may be a risk factor for a type of lung cancer called adenocarcinoma of the lung.

To date, it has been determined that certain factors cause an increase the risk of cancer, but there has been no confirmed causes for cancer, which makes the treatment and prevention of cancer so difficult. Cancer is unpredictable, and it is wisest to go for regular health check-ups, while maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle to minimise the risks.



The more you know, the more knowledgeable you are, but the heavier your burden becomes too. It’s like looking at a plate piled with food from a buffet table and wishing you had someone to share it with. Good news or bad news, useful information or pointless musings, it is human nature to want to get it off our chests. That is why people talk, blog, write, tweet, post on forums and websites.

But when you have nothing to share about yourself, what do you do? You talk about other people and other occurrences around you of course. But this sounds like gossip, something that is often regarded in the negative light, And unhappily, we hold back our words, afraid of being labelled a gossip monger.

However, gossip is actually a healthy social activity that relieves frustration and stress, medically proven by scientists of the University of California, Berkeley, who were studying the effects of prosocial gossip.

The keyword here is ‘prosocial’, describing a form of gossip that protects others from harm or exploitation by spreading the word about someone else’s bad behaviour. For example, if you know of a promiscuous acquaintance who really gets around, telling people around you about him/her does not make you a backstabber; you keep be saving someone from an unsauvoury relationship and or even a risk of getting sexual diseases. Of course, if your information are hearsay, do not be so quick to fan the flames as you could risk facing a lawsuit for slander.

When you share your concerns and worries with others, you feel less irritated and more relieved because you are sharing your burden with others. I mean, notice how happy those girls look, gossiping in the picture above? In the meantime, sharing your opinions and criticisms about others helps you to communicate your own values, and build alliances or even strengthen friendships with the people who share your viewpoint.

Gossip is not always criticism, it is also about passing on information, for example, when you tell someone, “So-and-so is getting married next month!” or “Did you know that shop is holding a lucky draw event tomorrow?” In fact, the above mentioned study also states that people who are prone to gossiping also tend to act generously towards others. After all, telling people what you know is a form of caring and sharing! 
As long as your words do not harbour malicious intents or untruths, gossiping can be a healthy and useful social skill. So what are you waiting for? Go ahead and share this new tidbit of knowledge with someone you care for!


Just last month, prostrate cancer was discovered in a 2,200-year-old Egyptian mummy of a man who died in his forties. And this is by no means the oldest known case of prostrate cancer. The oldest was found in a 2700 year-old skeleton of a king in Russia.

This suggests that contrary to what many think, cancer is not just the unfortunate result of pollution and unhealthy diets of the modern day.  Genetics could be a major factor in the cause of cancer. If it wasn’t the problem with polluted environments and unhealthy lifestyles, why then does it seem that more cancers and death-related cancers, along with other strange diseases that were never known to exist, keep making headlines in recent years?


The idea that these diseases came into existence recently could be flawed. Rather, they had impacted the human population all this while, but were only discovered when medical science became more advance. After all, humans passed on at much earlier ages than most of the current generation of humans do, and there had been mentions of ‘mysterious illnesses’ that could well be cancer or some of the illnesses that even we find baffling in our time.


But that is not to say that you should start panicking about your health immediately if you know of a relative with cancer, or throw aside your healthy lifestyle since it’s no guarantee of a cancer-free life. The possibility of cancer has become more unfathomable; even perfectly healthy youths in their teens have contracted cancer. The only sure-proof way of keeping cancer at bay is to go for regular health screenings. Treatment for cancer that has been discovered early is often more successful and less complicated compared to advanced-stage cancer. A healthy lifestyle is still absolutely necessary for your well-being. Furthermore, certain poor habits do contribute to cancer risk factors. Smoking, for example, is a main risk factor that may lead to lung cancer.


As stated, the probability of cancer could be genetics-related. As such, some cancers are more prominent among certain communities, ethnic and age groups. The Singapore Health Promotion Board has a handy chart showing the most common cancers in Singapore affecting both sexes, and which age groups should go for regular screening:

Click for larger view
 
Where to go for screening?

Many polyclinics and private clinics offer health screening services. You can visit your nearest doctor to get more information.

For those who worry about the costs, vital health screening tests for common cancers in Singapore have actually been subsidised and made more affordable for Singaporeans with financial problems.

The Health Promotion Board (HPB)’s national health screening programmes offer subsidised screening:

Integrated Screening Programme (ISP):
Aimed at encouraging Singaporeans aged 40 years and older to be screened for diabetes, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, obesity and cervical cancer at a Chronic Disease Management Programme (CDMP)– registered General Practicitioner (GP) clinic.

The blood test to screen for diabetes & lipid disorders (cholesterol) is $8 while Pap smear to screen for cervical cancer (for female patients) costs $15. Costs exclude GST and consultation fees.

Cervical Screen Singapore (CSS):
Aimed at encouraging all women aged 25 years and above who have ever had sex or are sexually active to go for Pap smear once every three years. Pap smear is offered at subsidised rates of $15 at Polyclinics for Singaporeans and $22.50 for Permanent Residents (PRs).

BreastScreen Singapore (BSS):
Aimed at encouraging women aged 50 years and older to go for screening mammograms once every 2 years. The test is offered at a subsidised rate of $50 at polyclinics for Singaporean citizens and $75 for permanent residents (PRs) at the polyclinics. 

You may use your Medisave account or the account of an immediate family member (excluding siblings) for your screening mammogram at all Medisave approved screening centres. All BSS screening centres are approved centres for use of Medisave. 

The Singapore Cancer Society also offers free Pap smear and Faecal Occult Blood Test kit to screen for cervical and colorectal cancer respectively.

Those in need of further financial assistance or wish to inquire more about medical subsidies can speak to the medical social workers at the polyclinics.