Sausage toes may look cute on children, but they are often the result of swollen joints, a common symptom of junior arthritis.

The next time you bemoan how troublesome it is to get out of the house and would rather hole up at home with your gadgets, consider the predicaments of little children who yearn to be their normal energetic selves but can’t due to junior arthritis, which causes so much pain that some can hardly walk, and perhaps you might treasure your mobility.

Arthritis, once thought to be a problem associated only with ageing, affects some 300,000 children in the USA. Its full name is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Arthritis occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own cells and tissues. It is not yet known what are the exact causes of JIA and how to prevent it, though it is thought that heredity, gene mutations and environment factors that affect the immune system may be contributing factors.

JIA usually appears in children between 6 months and 16 years old, and any child can be affected by it. As with arthritis in old people, inflammation, pain and stiffness of joints can affect difficulty or loss of overall mobility. Early detection and management from a young age will help to ease the problems brought about by JIA.

Early symptoms include joint pain, swelling of joints, reddened joints and / or warm joints. The child may also experience stiffness in joints, which leads to limping and clumsy and slow movement. Sudden appearance and disappearance of rashes, as well as high fevers that spike in the evenings and suddenly disappear are common symptoms as well. The rashes and fevers are usually caused by swollen lymph nodes.

JIA can even affect the eye, causing inflammation called uveitis. As a result, children with JIA may be required to go for regular eye checks by an ophthalmologist.

If you suspect that your child may have JIA, don’t hesitate to take him/her to the doctor. The Singapore General Hospital’s Autoimmunity & Rheumatology Centre provides consultancy and treatment for JIA.

As with arthritis, there is no cure for JIA, but medication and the correct forms of exercise as prescribed by the doctor can keep the condition under control and allow the patient to lead a normal life.

In the meantime, it is vital for parents and caregivers to remain positive. Undoubtedly, it is a heart-wrenching experience for parents to see their children feeling helpless and visibly suffering from pain. Bear in mind that a parent's emotions can affect the child, so keep your spirits up and help your child to deal with his/her illness bravely. Most importantly, work closely with the doctors and therapists and ensure that your child gets the required treatment.

Treat your child normally; do not treat him/her like an invalid but allow him/her to move as much on his own as much as possible, thus giving him more self-confidence. Do also discuss with teachers and other people that he may be spending significant time with and let them know of the condition and what they should do to avoid aggravating his condition, physically and mentally.

Parents of a 19-month-old JIA victim have just the right mindset when dealing with their daughter who is plagued with joints that often ache.

"We keep her moving, we keep her active and we take one day at a time," the mother said. "When she is not feeling well, we respect that, but it's important not to make that a crutch or an excuse."

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